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Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar
The Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar (or ''Chhagada Brahmadeva Pillar'') is a decorated free standing pillar (''lit'', ''Stambha'') commissioned by Chamundaraya, an important minister and commander in the Western Ganga kingdom, during the rule of King Marasimha II (963-975), Rachamalla IV (975-986) and Rachamalla V.〔Kamath (1980), p.45〕〔Sarma (1992), p.153〕 The pillar dates to around 983 C.E. and exists on the Vindyagiri hill (called ''Dodda Betta'' in local Kannada language) in the important Jain heritage town Shravanabelagola, in the Karnataka state, India.〔Kamath (1980), p.52〕 On the base of the pillar, on the north side, is an inscription in old Kannada language of the same period,〔Rice (1889), p.2 (introduction, See inscription no.109, List of inscriptions in chronological order, list-i)〕 which according to epigraphist and historian B.L. Rice confirms Chamundaraya's involvement in the erection of the pillar.〔〔Rice (1889), p. 33〕 Free standing pillars are a characteristic feature of the Western Ganga art and are broadly classified as "Mahastambha" (or "Manastambha", "Indrastambha") and "Brahmastambha".〔〔
==Features==
The 2.3 m tall pillar stands facing the enclosure leading to the monolith of Gommateshwara (Bahubali). On the shaft of the pillar are floral carvings depicting creepers and bell shaped flowers.〔 It has a square base with images of two important 10th century Jain personalities, Chamundaraya and his guru Nemichandra carved out is relief on one face of the base. They are seated on a platform (''adhisthana'') and the guru appears to be receiving an object from his disciple with his right hand. They are flanked by attendants (''chouri'' or fan bearers) while Chamundaraya's queen Gagan, her hair tied in a knot, is seen in the background.〔〔Sarma (1992), p.208〕
In the words of the art critic Fergusson,〔Fergusson in Kamath (1980), p. 52〕
It was a common practice among the 10th century kings of the Western Ganga dynasty to erect free standing pillars in front of Jain basadis.〔Sarma (1992), p.206〕 According to the art critic and historian S. Settar, generally "Brahmadeva" pillars found in front of ancient Jain temples do not house sculptures of the ''Brahma Yaksha'' or the god Brahma, rather these pillars find their origins in the "Manastambha" and house an image of the ''Sarvanubhuti Yaksha'' (a benevolent spirit). According to the historian Sarma, the term may have originated from "Bhrm" meaning to "wander around".〔Settar in Shah (1987), p. 19〕〔Sarma (1992), p. 208〕
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